Indonesia
Structural Reality
What Shapes Indonesia Coffee
Indonesia’s structural reality
Predominantly smallholders (often <1 ha).
Cherry rarely leaves the farm intact → farmers usually sell partially processed coffee.
Wet-hulling (giling basah) dominates many regions and shapes flavor, risk, and supply-chain power.
Long, fragmented chains with many intermediaries unless vertically integrated.
Growing Regions
18 Regions
Sumatra
Aceh (Gayo Highlands)
Wet-hulled is the default:
Cherry depulped at farm or village level
Short fermentation
Dried briefly to ~30–40% moisture
Hulled while still wet
Sumatra
North Sumatra (Lintong, Mandheling)
Sulawesi
Toraja / Enrekang
Flores
Bajawa / Manggarai
Java
East Java estates (Ijen Plateau, etc.)
Bali
Kintamani
Papua
Highlands (emerging specialty)
Indonesia buyer-side truths (critical)
Wet-hulling is not bad
it’s just unforgiving